Seljuq Dynasty



The Seljuqs (also Seljuq Turks, Seldjuks, Seldjuqs, Seljuks; in Turkish language Selçuklular; in Ṣaljūqīyān; in Arabic language سلجوق Saljūq, or السلاجقة al-Salājiqa) were a Sunni Muslim dynasty that ruled parts of Central Asia and the Middle East from the 11th century to 14th century. They set up an empire known as Great Seljuq Empire that stretched from Anatolia to Punjab region and was the target of the First Crusade. The dynasty had its origins in the Oghuz Turks tribal confederations of Central Asia and marked the beginning of Turkic peoples power in the Middle East. Today they are regarded as the cultural ancestors of the Western Turks - the present-day inhabitants of Azerbaijan, Turkey, and Turkmenistan - and they are remembered as great patrons of Persian culture, Persian art, Persian literature, and Persian language.O.Özgündenli, "Persian Manuscripts in Ottoman and Modern Turkish Libraries", Encyclopaedia Iranica, Online Edition, ( LINK)Encyclopaedia Britannica, "Seljuq", Online Edition, ( LINK): "... Because the Turkish Seljuqs had no Islamic tradition or strong literary heritage of their own, they adopted the cultural language of their Persian instructors in Islam. Literary Persian thus spread to the whole of Iran, and the Arabic language disappeared in that country except in works of religious scholarship ..."M. Ravandi, "The Seljuq court at Konya and the Persianisation of Anatolian Cities", in Mesogeios (Mediterranean Studies), vol. 25-6 (2005), pp. 157-69

Early history . Carved and drilled stone with Seljuq craftsmanship. Kept at the New York Metropolitan Museum of Art.

Origins Prior to the ninth century, hordes of Turks had crossed the Volga River into the Black Sea steppes.Previte-Orton (1971), vol. 1, pg.278 Originally, the House of Seljuq was a branch of the Qinik Oghuz TurksConcise Britannica Online Seljuq Dynasty articleMerriam-Webster Online - Definition of SeljukThe History of the Seljuq Turks: From the Jami Al-Tawarikh ( LINK)History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey - Stanford Shaw ( LINK) who in the 9th century lived on the periphery of the Muslim world, north of the Caspian and Aral sea in their Yabghu Khaganate of the Oghuz confederacy.Wink, Andre, Al Hind the Making of the Indo Islamic World, Brill Academic Publishers, Jan 1, 1996, ISBN 90-04-09249-8 pg.9 In the 10th century the Seljuqs migrated from their ancestral homelands into mainland Persia, in the Greater Khorasan, where they mixed with the local population and adopted the Persian culture and Persian language in the following decades.M.A. Amir-Moezzi, "Shahrbanu", Encyclopaedia Iranica, Online Edition, ( LINK): "... here one might bear in mind that non-Persian dynasties such as the Ghaznavids, Saljuqs and Ilkhanids were rapidly to adopt the Persian language and have their origins traced back to the ancient kings of Persia rather than to Turkish heroes or Muslim saints ..."F. Daftary, Sectarian and National Movements in Iran, Khorasan, and Trasoxania during Umayyad and Early Abbasid Times, in History of Civilizations of Central Asia, Vol 4, pt. 1; edited by M.S. Asimov and Clifford Edmund Bosworth; UNESCO, Institute of Ismaili Studies: "... Not only did the inhabitants of Khurasan not succumb to the language of the nomadic invaders, but they imposed their own tongue on them. The region could even assimilate the Turkic Ghaznavids and Seljuks (eleventh and twelfth centuries), the Timurids (fourteenth–fifteenth centuries), and the Qajars (nineteenth–twentieth centuries) ..."

Seljuk leaders Rulers of Seljuk Dynasty 1037-1157 The "Great Seljuks" were heads of the family; in theory their authority extended over all the other Seljuk lines, although in practice this often was not the case. Turkish custom called for the senior member of the family to be the Great Seljuk, although usually the position was associated with the ruler of western Persia. Muhammad's son Mahmud II of Great Seljuk succeeded him in western Persia, but Sanjar, the governor of Khurasan from 1097 and the senior member of the family, becomes Great Seljuk sultan The Oghuz take control of much of Khurasan, with the remainder in the hands of former Seljuk emirs

Seljuk sultans of Hamadan 1118-1194 The rulers of western Persia, who maintained a very loose grip on the Abbasids of Baghdad. Several Turkish emirs gained a strong level of influence in the region, such as the Atabegs of Azerbaijan. Tugrul III killed in battle with the Khwarezmid Empire, who annexes Hamadan

Seljuk rulers of Kerman 1041-1187 Kerman province was a province in southern Persia.

Mehmed II overthrown by the Oghuz chief Malik Dinar

Seljuk rulers in Syria 1076-1117 To the Artuqids

Sultans/Emirs of Damascus:
  • Aziz ibn Abaaq al-Khwarazmi 1076-1079
  • Abu Sa'id Taj ad-Dawla Tutush I 1079-1095
  • Abu Nasr Shams al-Muluk Duqaq 1095-1104
  • Tutush II 1104
  • Muhi ad-Din Baqtash 1104
Damascus seized by the Burid Toghtekin

Seljuk sultans of Rüm (Anatolia) 1077-1307

The Seljuk line, already having been deprived of any significant power, effectively ends in the early thirteenth century

Gallery Image:Borj-toghrul.jpg|Tughrul Tower, a 12th century monument south of Tehran commemorating Toğrül.Image:Seljuq Ewer.jpg] from Iran, dated 1180-1210CE. Brass worked in repousse and inlaid with silver and bitumen. NY Metropolitan Museum.Image:Kharaghan.jpg], built in 1053 CE in Iran, is the burial of Seljuq princes.Image:Shatranj.jpg] chess set, glazed fritware, 12th century, from Iran. New York Metropolitan Museum of Art.

Notes References
  • Previte-Orton, C. W (1971). The Shorter Cambridge Medieval History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.


External links
  • All Empires Online History Community: The Seljuk Empire









Warning: fopen(/home/templatecore2cache//server/3f/3fe335cccff71f7b6d62b0540de315c7f0cfecc7.tc2cache) [function.fopen]: failed to open stream: Permission denied in /home/webs/affiliatelib2/CacheManager.php on line 130

Warning: fwrite(): supplied argument is not a valid stream resource in /home/webs/affiliatelib2/CacheManager.php on line 131

Warning: fclose(): supplied argument is not a valid stream resource in /home/webs/affiliatelib2/CacheManager.php on line 132
Twin Minarets Madrasah

 
Copyright © 2008 top-listings.net - All rights reserved.
Home | Terms of Service | Privacy Policy